Tämä on vasta bulk-alkuhakua. Katson ajan mittaan vähän vähemmäksi tämän artikkelin sisällön. Kyse on prolyyliä pilkkova entsyymi. se pilkkoo oligopeptidin C_terminaalista. PREPL ei pilko arginiinin tai lysiinin jälkeen (R tai K) ja se on muutenkin erilainen hieman rakennepiirteiltään, kuten esim sisältää runsaasti cysteinejä (C) ihan riittäisi sinkkisormeksikin ja rakenne on miltei puolipropellinen. Toimivatkohan nuo peräkanaa?
(*) TÄSTÄ KIRJOITTAA DUODECIM 11/23
Katson GENECARDS lähteestä : “PREP” ja sen jälkeen PREP
Tekstit mainitsevat että se jollain tavalla osallistuu inositolin aineenvaihduntaan, joten katson tarkemmin. Lisäksi se puuttuu QPPAQP etc. sisältävien peptidien pilkkoutumiseen. Joita uodostuss gluteenipitoisesta ravinnosta. Huomaan että se on selektiivisesstio peptidien C-terminaalisen proliinin pilkkoja ja tuotaa oligopeptidilopputuotteita eikä esim. erillisiä proliineja tai erillisiäaminohappoja. Sen rakenteessa ei näy tavallisia Znf sinkkisormimahdollisuuksia. Se on aika järjestäytynyt beetanauhojensa ja alfahelixiensä suhteen.Se ei vaikuta suoraan sigannlivälittäjään IP3 itse vaan sen kinaasisäätelyjärjestelmään, joka on saateaa olla laaja. Siitä tietoisuus on kasvanut nyt vuosituhannen vaihteen jälkeen.
* HAKU GENE CARDS “PREP Showing 25 of 2,755 results for PREP Search Time: 0 ms.
PREP (6q21). Prolyl oligoendopeptidases GENECARDS haku 12.6. 2023 .
Aliases for PREP Gene
The protein encoded by this gene is a cytosolic prolyl endopeptidase that cleaves peptide bonds on the C-terminal side of prolyl residues within peptides that are up to approximately 30 amino acids long. Prolyl endopeptidases have been reported to be involved in the maturation and degradation of peptide hormones and neuropeptides. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
GeneCards Summary for PREP Gene: PREP (Prolyl Endopeptidase) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with PREP include Amnestic Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include serine-type endopeptidase activity and serine-type exopeptidase activity. An important paralog of this gene is PREPL.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for PREP Gene: Cleaves peptide bonds on the C-terminal side of prolyl residues within peptides that are up to approximately 30 amino acids long. ( PPCE_HUMAN,P48147 )
Show:
Description |
UniProt ID |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 |
Prolyl Endopeptidase |
Protein Coding |
P48147 |
49 |
GC06M105277 |
43.35 |
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(x) Pharmacol Res
- 2020 Jan;151:104558. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104558. Epub 2019 Nov 20.Prolyl oligopeptidase inhibition activates autophagy via protein phosphatase 2A Reinis Svarcbahs 1 , Maria Jäntti 1 , Tommi Kilpeläinen 1 , Ulrika H Julku 1 , Lauri Urvas 1 , Saara Kivioja 1 , Susanna Norrbacka 1 , Timo T Myöhänen DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104558
- Abstract. Prolyl oligopeptidase (PREP) is a serine protease that has been studied particularly in the context of neurodegenerative diseases for decades but its physiological function has remained unclear. We have previously found that PREP negatively regulates beclin1-mediated macroautophagy (autophagy), and that PREP inhibition by a small-molecule inhibitor induces clearance of protein aggregates in Parkinson's disease models. Since autophagy induction has been suggested as a potential therapy for several diseases, we wanted to further characterize how PREP regulates autophagy. We measured the levels of various kinases and proteins regulating beclin1-autophagy in HEK-293 and SH-SY5Y cell cultures after PREP inhibition, PREP deletion, and PREP overexpression and restoration, and verified the results in vivo by using PREP knock-out and wild-type mouse tissue where PREP was restored or overexpressed, respectively. We found that PREP regulates autophagy by interacting with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and its endogenous inhibitor, protein phosphatase methylesterase 1 (PME1), and activator (protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator, PTPA), thus adjusting its activity and the levels of PP2A in the intracellular pool. PREP inhibition and deletion increased PP2A activity, leading to activation of death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1), beclin1 phosphorylation and induced autophagy while PREP overexpression reduced this. Lowered activity of PP2A is connected to several neurodegenerative disorders and cancers, and PP2A activators would have enormous potential as drug therapy but development of such compounds has been a challenge. The concept of PREP inhibition has been proved safe, and therefore, our study supports the further development of PREP inhibitors as PP2A activators.Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Bafilomycin A1 (PubChem CID: 6436223); FTY-720 (fingolimod, PubChem CID: 107970); KYP-2047 (PubChem CID: 11198569); Neurodegeneration; Okadaic acid (PubChem CID: 446512); PP242 (PubChem CID: 135565635); Parkinson’s disease; Protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator; Protein phosphatase methylesterase 1; Rapamycin (sirolimus, PubChem CID: 5284616); Serine protease. Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Deletion or inhibition of prolyl oligopeptidase blocks lithium-induced phosphorylation of GSK3b and Akt by activation of protein phosphatase 2A. Myöhänen TT, Mertens F, Norrbacka S, Cui H. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2021 Oct;129(4):287-296. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.13632. Epub 2021 Jul 20. PMID: 34196102
Prolyl oligopeptidase inhibition reduces oxidative stress via reducing NADPH oxidase activity by activating protein phosphatase 2A. Eteläinen T, Kulmala V, Svarcbahs R, Jäntti M, Myöhänen TT. Free Radic Biol Med. 2021 Jun;169:14-23. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.001. Epub 2021 Apr 7. PMID: 33838285
The effect of prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitors on alpha-synuclein aggregation and autophagy cannot be predicted by their inhibitory efficacy. Kilpeläinen TP, Hellinen L, Vrijdag J, Yan X, Svarcbahs R, Vellonen KS, Lambeir AM, Huttunen H, Urtti A, Wallen EAA, Myöhänen TT. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020 Aug;128:110253. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110253. Epub 2020 May 22. PMID: 32447211
New tricks of prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitors - A common drug therapy for several neurodegenerative diseases. Svarcbahs R, Julku U, Kilpeläinen T, Kyyrö M, Jäntti M, Myöhänen TT. Biochem Pharmacol. 2019 Mar;161:113-120. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.01.013. Epub 2019 Jan 17. PMID: 30660495 Review.
'How can I halt thee?' The puzzles involved in autophagic inhibition. Vinod V, Padmakrishnan CJ, Vijayan B, Gopala S. Pharmacol Res. 2014 Apr;82:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.03.005. Epub 2014 Mar 21. PMID: 24657238 Review. Abstract
The strategy for interpreting the role of autophagy on the basis of evidence obtained through autophagic inhibition sounds logical, but is beset with practical constraints. The knock down of autophagy-related (ATG) gene(s) or blockage of class III PI3-Kinase are the most common approaches for inhibiting autophagy. However, during stressful conditions, autophagy may operate in synchrony with other processes such as apoptosis; autophagy-related genes, unlike what their name implies, exert their regulation on apoptosis as well. Knocking down such genes not only blocks autophagy but also renders apoptosis defective, making the interpretation of autophagic roles unreliable. Similarly, class III PI3-Kinase aids in initiating autophagy but it is not a quintessential autophagic regulator. Class III PI3-Kinase also has a role in regulating almost all membrane transport in cells. Blocking it not only inhibits autophagy, but also hampers all the membrane trades, including endosomal transport. The pharmacological inhibitors used to block autophagy by blocking class III PI3-Kinase further compound these limitations with their off-target effects. Knowing the limitations involved in blocking a target or using an autophagy-blocking tool is a prerequisite for designing the experiments meant for analyzing autophagic functions. This review attempts to provide a detailed overview about the practical constraints involved in using autophagic inhibition as a strategy to understand autophagy.Keywords: 3-Methyladenine; 3-Methyladenine (PubChem CID: 1673); Ammonium chloride (PubChem CID: 25517); Apoptosis; Atg5; Autophagy; Bafilomycin A1 (PubChem CID: 6436223); Beclin1; Chloroquine (PubChem CID: 2719); E64d (PubChem CID: 393035); KU55933 (PubChem CID: 5278396); Monensin (PubChem CID: 28263); Wortmannin (PubChem CID: 312145). Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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(*) Toinen
HAKU “PREPL”(2p21)
Selected DME Specific Peptides for PREP Gene
- P48147:
-
- KQHFEWL
- LCAEFPDEPKWMGGAELSDDGRYVLLSI
- TNEGTVFTFKTNR
- VFREVTVKGIDA
- AYGLSASGSDWVTIKFMKVDGAKEL
- TKIPMFI
- IYHCDLTKEELEP
- NQRPDLF
- RGGGEYG
- GGSNGGLL
- GILKWVKLIDNFEGEYDY
- FKKGKRYFYFYNTGLQNQRVLYVQDSLEGEARV
- QDYHGHK
- EIFYQFTSFLSPG
- TIGHAWTTDYGCSD
- AAEYLIKE
- YPQQDGKSDGTETSTNLHQKL
- YHGHKICDPY
- TGALLKTFPL
- YGGFNIS
- KYSPLHNVKLPEADDIQYPSMLLLTADHDDRVVPLHS
- VGVMDML
- See less «
b) ( PARALOG GENE Tässä paralogissa on useita cysteiinejä, rakenne on puoli propellimainen verattuna edelliseen ja se katsotaan solunsisäiseksi, osallistu retrogradisen suunnan liikutteluun. Endosomi Golgi, Golgi PM, ja lopulta Ja lopulta mm synaptisen vesikkelin erityksiin)
Aliases for PREPL Gene 2p21.
Gene Families for PREPL Gene
IUPHAR :S9: Prolyl oligopeptidase
Disease related genes
Enzymes
Human disease related genes
Potential drug targets
Predicted intracellular proteins
Protein Domains for PREPL Gene
InterPro:
Blocks:
Prolyl oligopeptidase serine protease (S9A) signature
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for PREPL Gene
GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
Prolylendopeptidase-like (PPCEL_HUMAN)
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro EntryQ4J6C6 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:PPCEL_HUMAN :
Belongs to the peptidase S9A family.
Molecular function for PREPL Gene according to UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Function:
Serine peptidase whose precise substrate specificity remains unclear (PubMed:16143824, 16385448, 28726805).
Does not cleave peptides after a arginine (R) or lysine (K) residue (PubMed:16143824).
Regulates trans-Golgi network morphology and sorting by regulating the membrane binding of the AP-1 complex (PubMed:23321636).
May play a role in the regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (PubMed:24610330). PPCEL_HUMAN,Q4J6C6
EnzymeRegulation:
Inhibited by PMSF and Prefabloc, as well as leupeptin at high concentrations (PubMed:16385448).
Partially inhibited by TPCK, a chymotrypsin inhibitor and E64, a cysteine protease inhibitor (PubMed:16385448).
Not affected by 4-amidinophenyl-methanesulfonyl fluoride (APMSF), pepstatin or EDTA (PubMed:16385448).
Inhibited by 1-isobutyl-3-oxo-3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[c]pyridine-4-carbonitrile (PubMed:28726805). PPCEL_HUMAN,Q4J6C6
Phenotypes for PREPL Gene MGI mutant phenotypes for PREPL:
GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for PREPL: