UBD

 

• This gene encodes a protein which contains two ubiquitin-like domains and appears to have similar function to ubiquitin. Through covalent attachment, the encoded protein targets other proteins for 26S proteasome degradation. This protein has been implicated to function in many cellular processes, including caspase-dependent apoptosis, formation of aggresomes, mitotic regulation, and dendritic cell maturation. Upregulation of this gene may promote inflammation in chronic kidney disease and has been observed in many cancer types. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

• UBD (Ubiquitin Like Modifier D) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with UBD include Kidney Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease. Among its related pathways are Metabolism of proteins and BRCA1 Pathway. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include proteasome binding. An important paralog of this gene is RPS27A.

• Ubiquitin-like protein modifier which can be covalently attached to target proteins and subsequently leads to their degradation by the 26S proteasome, in a NUB1-dependent manner (PubMed:15831455, 16707496, 19166848). Conjugation to the target protein is activated by UBA6 via adenylation of its C-terminal glycine (PubMed:17889673, 35970836). Promotes the expression of the proteasome subunit beta type-9 (PSMB9/LMP2). Regulates TNF-alpha-induced and LPS-mediated activation of the central mediator of innate immunity NF-kappa-B by promoting TNF-alpha-mediated proteasomal degradation of ubiquitinated-I-kappa-B-alpha (PubMed:19959714). Required for TNF-alpha-induced p65 nuclear translocation in renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs). May be involved in dendritic cell (DC) maturation, the process by which immature dendritic cells differentiate into fully competent antigen-presenting cells that initiate T-cell responses (PubMed:19028597). Mediates mitotic non-disjunction and chromosome instability, in long-term in vitro culture and cancers, by abbreviating mitotic phase and impairing the kinetochore localization of MAD2L1 during the prometaphase stage of the cell cycle (PubMed:16495226). May be involved in the formation of aggresomes when proteasome is saturated or impaired (PubMed:19033385). Mediates apoptosis in a caspase-dependent manner, especially in renal epithelium and tubular cells during renal diseases such as polycystic kidney disease and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) (PubMed:16495380). ( UBD_HUMAN,O15205 )

• GeneCards Symbol: UBD 2 
• Ubiquitin Like Modifier D 2 3
• Ubiquitin D 2 3 4 5
• FAT10 2 3 4 5
• HLA-F Adjacent Transcript 10 2 3
• Ubiquitin-Like Protein FAT10 3 4
• Diubiquitin 3 4
• UBD-3 3

Function:

• Ubiquitin-like protein modifier which can be covalently attached to target proteins and subsequently leads to their degradation by the 26S proteasome, in a NUB1-dependent manner (PubMed:15831455, 16707496, 19166848).
  Conjugation to the target protein is activated by UBA6 via adenylation of its C-terminal glycine (PubMed:17889673, 35970836).
  Promotes the expression of the proteasome subunit beta type-9 (PSMB9/LMP2).
  Regulates TNF-alpha-induced and LPS-mediated activation of the central mediator of innate immunity NF-kappa-B by promoting TNF-alpha-mediated proteasomal degradation of ubiquitinated-I-kappa-B-alpha (PubMed:19959714).
  Required for TNF-alpha-induced p65 nuclear translocation in renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs).
  May be involved in dendritic cell (DC) maturation, the process by which immature dendritic cells differentiate into fully competent antigen-presenting cells that initiate T-cell responses (PubMed:19028597).
  Mediates mitotic non-disjunction and chromosome instability, in long-term in vitro culture and cancers, by abbreviating mitotic phase and impairing the kinetochore localization of MAD2L1 during the prometaphase stage of the cell cycle (PubMed:16495226).
  May be involved in the formation of aggresomes when proteasome is saturated or impaired (PubMed:19033385).
  Mediates apoptosis in a caspase-dependent manner, especially in renal epithelium and tubular cells during renal diseases such as polycystic kidney disease and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) (PubMed:16495380). UBD_HUMAN,O15205

Induction:

• Rapidly degraded by the proteasome.
  Cell-cycle regulation with highest expression during the S-phase (at protein level).
  Induced during dendritic cell maturation.
  Negatively regulated by p53/TP53.
  High levels in various gastrointestinal and gynecological cancer cells.
  Induced in RTECs in common renal diseases including diabetic nephropathy (DN), IgA nephropathy (IgAN), and hypertensive nephrosclerosis (HN), as well as in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and during HIVAN.
  Inducible by the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFNG/IFN-gamma and TNF in cancers of liver and colon.
  Repressed by NUB1 (at protein level). UBD_HUMAN,O15205